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Secure attachment is classified by children who show some distress when their caregiver leaves but are able to compose themselves and do something knowing that their caregiver will return. Children with secure attachment feel protected by their caregivers, and they know that they can depend on them to return. John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth developed a theory known as Attachment theory after inadvertently studying children who were patients in a hospital at which they were working. Attachment theory explains how the parent-child relationship emerges and provides influence on subsequent behaviors and relationships. Stemming from this theory, there are four main types of attachment: secure attachment, ambivalent attachment, avoidant attachment and disoriented attachment.〔McLeod, S. A. (2009). Attachment Theory. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/attachment.html 〕 Ambivalent attachment is defined by children who become very distressed when their caregiver leaves, and they are not able to soothe or compose themselves. These children cannot depend on their caregiver(s) to be there for them. This is a relatively infrequent case with only a small percentage of children in the United States affected.〔Cherry, K. A. (2006). What is attachment theory? Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/loveandattraction/a/attachment01.htm〕 Avoidant attachment is represented by children who avoid their caregiver, showing no distress when the caregiver leaves. These children react similarly to a stranger as do they with their caregiver. This attachment is often associated with abusive situations. Children who are reprimanded for going to their caregiver will stop seeking help in the future. Disoriented attachment is defined by children who have no consistent way to manage their separation from and reunion with the attachment figure. Sometimes these children appear to be clinically depressed (mood). These children are often present in studies of high-risk samples of severely maltreated babies, but they also appear in other samples.〔Colin, V., & Low, N. (1991, June 21). Infant Attachment: What We Know Now. Retrieved December 1, 2014, from http://aspe.hhs.gov/daltcp/reports/inatrpt.htm〕 Children who have a secure attachment to their primary caregiver will grow to have higher self-esteem as well as better self-reliance. Additionally, these children tend to be more independent and have lower reported instances of anxiety and depression. These children are also able to form better social relationships.〔Cherry, K. A. (2006). What is attachment theory? Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/loveandattraction/a/attachment01.htm〕 ==Characteristics of secure attachment== Children who are securely attached typically are visibly upset as their caregivers leave, but they are happy upon their return. These children seek comfort from their parent or caregiver when frightened. In a instance when their parent or primary caregiver is not available, these children can be comforted to a degree by others, however they prefer their familiar parent or caregiver. Likewise, when parents with secure attachments reach out to their children, the children welcome the connection.〔Cherry, K. (2014, January 1). 7 Things You Should Know About Attachment Styles. Retrieved December 2, 2014, from http://psychology.about.com/od/loveandattraction/ss/attachmentstyle_4.htm〕 Playing with children is more common when parents and children have a secure attachment. These parents react quicker to their children's needs and are typically more responsive to a child they are securely attached to than one of insecure attachment.〔Cherry, K. (2014, January 1). 7 Things You Should Know About Attachment Styles. Retrieved December 2, 2014, from http://psychology.about.com/od/loveandattraction/ss/attachmentstyle_4.htm〕 Attachment carries on throughout the growth of the children. Studies support that secure attachments with primary caregivers lead to more mature and less aggressive children than those with avoidant or ambivalent attachment styles.〔Cherry, K. (2014, January 1). 7 Things You Should Know About Attachment Styles. Retrieved December 2, 2014, from http://psychology.about.com/od/loveandattraction/ss/attachmentstyle_4.htm〕 The relationship type infants establish with their primary caregiver can predict the course of their relationships and connections throughout their lives. Those who are securely attached have high self-esteem, seek out social connection and support and are able to share their feelings with other people. They also tend to have long-term, trusting relationships.〔Huber, B. (2014, March 27). Four in 10 infants lack strong parental attachments. Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S39/59/37A89/index.xml?section=topstories〕 One study supports that women with a secure attachment style had more positive feelings with regard to their adult relationships than women with insecure attachment styles. Within an adult romantic relationship, secure attachment can mean〔Fraley, C. (2010, January 1). A Brief Overview of Adult Attachment Theory and Research | R. Chris Fraley. Retrieved November 16, 2014, from https://internal.psychology.illinois.edu/~rcfraley/attachment.htm〕 both people engage in close, bodily contact, disclose information with one another, share discoveries with each other and feel safe when the other is nearby. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Secure attachment」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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